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I-I-Monoethanolamine (MEA), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ethanolamine noma i-2-aminoethanol, i-CAS No. 141-43-5, iwumthombo wamakhemikhali oyisisekelo osetshenziselwe izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni iminyaka eminingi. Kuvela ezimbonini eziningi ezibonakala zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye - amayunithi okwelapha igesi yemvelo eMpumalanga Ephakathi, amalabhorethri ezimonyo eYurophu, nezitshalo zikasimende eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Lokhu akukhona ukuqondana nje. Ivela esakhiweni samangqamuzana e-MEA: iqukethe kokubili iqembu le-amine kanye neqembu le-hydroxyl, elivumela ukuthi lenze imisebenzi ama-amine alula noma ama-alcohol angeke akwazi ukuyihlinzeka kalula ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Kubathengi bezimboni, lokhu kuphinde kusho ukuthi i-MEA ayivamisile ukuthengwa ukusetshenziswa okukodwa kuphela. Umkhiqizo ofanayo ungase usetshenziswe ekwelapheni igesi yemvelo, ukulungisa i-pH, ukuhlanza ukwakheka, izinsiza zokugaya usimende noma amakhemikhali ezolimo. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zingase zibe nezidingo ezihlukene zokuhlanzeka, ukupakishwa, ukugcinwa, ukuphatha kanye nokuzinza kokuhlinzeka. Kulesi sihloko, i-Dotachem ibheka izindawo ezisebenzayo ze-MEA, kungani iqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kulezi zimboni, nokuthi yini abathengi okufanele bayinake lapho bethola i-monoethanolamine evela e-China.
Ukwelashwa Kwegesi: Indawo Enkulu Yesicelo se-MEA
Uma usebenza ekwelashweni kwegesi yemvelo, i-MEA kungenzeka iyinto ejwayelekile. Kusukela ngawo-1930s, i-MEA ibilokhu isetshenziselwa ukususa i-CO2 ne-H2S ekusakazweni kwegesi, futhi isewukukhetha okuvamile kumayunithi amaningi namuhla. Lokhu akungenxa yokuthi zingekho ezinye izindlela, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ezinsizeni zegesi ezinoshukela ophakathi nendawo neziqondile, i-MEA inikeza izinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi nokusebenza okulula.
Engxenyeni evamile yokwelapha igesi yemvelo, i-MEA ivamise ukusetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni okungu-15–30% ngesisindo. Imunca amagesi e-asidi emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi iwakhulule ngesikhathi sokuvuselela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okuvumela isincibilikisi ukuthi sisetshenziswe emjikelezweni oqhubekayo. Umkhawulo wayo ukuthi, ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu ye-CO2 ingxenye, i-MEA ilulaza kalula kunama-amine amasha njenge-MDEA futhi idinga amandla engeziwe ukuze ivuselelwe kabusha. Kodwa-ke, kumayunithi amancane noma amaphrojekthi lapho izindleko ezinkulu zibaluleke ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwe-solvent yesikhathi eside, i-MEA isenenani lezomnotho.
Kubathengi embonini yokwelapha igesi, intengo iyingxenye yesinqumo kuphela. Ukuhlanzeka okuzinzile, okuqukethwe kwamanzi aphansi, ukupakishwa kwenqwaba efanele kanye namashejuli okulethwa okuthembekile nakho kubalulekile, ngoba ukusebenza kwe-solvent kungathinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwezitshalo.
Ukunakekelwa Komuntu Siqu: Ngaphezu Kwesilungisi se-pH
I-MEA ivame ukutholakala ekwenziweni kokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, ngokuvamile ezingeni lokusebenzisa lika-0.1–2%. Kungase kubonakale kusetshenziselwa ukumane unciphise izithako ezine-acidic njengama-carbomers futhi usize ukuzinzisa ama-emulsions. Kodwa-ke, abaklami bavame ukukhetha i-MEA esikhundleni samanye ama-neutralizers ngoba usawoti owenziwe yi-MEA anganikeza ukuzwa kwesikhumba okungcono futhi agweme ukhahlo olunamandla olungalethwa i-sodium hydroxide.
I-MEA ingasetshenziswa futhi ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezifana ne-MEA-lauryl sulfate, isithako esisetshenziswa kuma-shampoos nezihlanzi zobuso lapho ubumnene budingeka khona. Iphuzu elilodwa abaklami abadinga ukulibuka ukuthi i-MEA ingase ibangele ukushintsha kombala ezindaweni eziphakeme noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezishisayo, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa lokucubungula kanye nomthamo wokugcina kufanele kulawulwe.
Ngokunakekelwa komuntu siqu kanye nabakhiqizi bamakhemikhali nsuku zonke, ukuthola i-MEA akukhona nje ukuthenga impahla eluhlaza ye-amine evamile. Amakhasimende ngokuvamile adinga ukucaciswa okucacile, ikhwalithi yenqwaba engaguquki namadokhumenti angasekela ukuhlolwa kokubunjwa nokubuyekezwa kwekhwalithi. Yilokhu futhi i-Dotachem ebigxile kukho lapho ihlinzeka nge-MEA namanye amakhemikhali e-amine kumakhasimende akuzimboni zokunakekela, okokuhlanza kanye nezimboni ezihlobene ne-surfactant - ukubeka ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuqala.
Ukuhlanzwa Kwezimboni: I-Alkalinity Elawulwayo Ngengcindezi Encane evela Ku-alkali Eqinile
Izihlanzi ezisindayo, njengezihlanzi zikahhavini, izinto zokususa amafutha eziqinile kanye nezihlanzi zaphansi zezimboni, ngokuvamile zidinga i-pH ephezulu ukuze zisuse amafutha nezinsalela ezibhakiwe. I-sodium hydroxide ingafinyelela lokhu, kodwa inolaka, ingase ilimaze indawo engaphezulu futhi akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuyihlanganisa ibe amasistimu oketshezi azinzile.
I-MEA inikeza i-alkalinity eqinile ngendlela elawulekayo. Ayigqwali kakhulu, kulula ukuyihlanganisa nezinye izithako, futhi ingasebenza njenge-ejenti ehlanganisayo ukusiza ukugcina ukwakheka okusekelwe emanzini kuzinzile. Kubakhiqizi bomkhiqizo wokuhlanza abadinga amandla okuhlanza ngenkathi behlisa ingcindezi yokubamba yama-alkali aqinile, i-MEA iyindlela esebenzayo ephakathi nendawo.
Ukupakisha nakho kubalulekile, ngoba abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo yokuhlanza abanosayizi abahlukene bangadinga ukupakishwa kwemigqomo, amathangi e-IBC noma ukunikezwa koketshezi ngobuningi. I-Dotachem inganikeza ukupakisha okuguquguqukayo kwe-MEA namalungiselelo okuthumela kuwo womabili ama-oda esilingo kanye nokuthengwa kwezimboni zesikhathi eside.
Usizo Lokugaya Usimende: Isikali Esincane, Ukuthuthukiswa Komphumela Olinganisekayo
Kubantu abangaphandle kwemboni yamakhemikhali okwakha, lolu hlelo lokusebenza lungase lungaziwa kangako. I-MEA ingasetshenziswa ezigayweni zikasimende ngedosi ephansi njengo-0.02–0.05% ngesisindo sikasimende. Nakuba isilinganiso sincane, umphumela wawo ekusebenzeni kahle kokugaya ungalinganiswa. Ngesikhathi sokugaya, i-MEA ingakhangisa phezu kwezinhlayiya zikasimende, inciphise ukuhlangana kwezinhlayiyana futhi ithuthukise ukusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana. Umphumela ongokoqobo uwukukhipha okuphezulu komshini kanye nokusebenza okungcono kwamandla okuqala kukhonkolo yokugcina.
Kuleli zinga lemithamo, izindleko ngethani ngalinye likasimende ziphansi, yingakho abakhiqizi bakasimende ezimakethe ezingabizi kakhulu basebenzise lolu hlobo lwezinto ezingavuthiwe iminyaka eminingi.
Amafomu Ezolimo: Ukusiza Izithako Ezisebenzayo Zisebenze Kangcono
Ekwakheni ama-herbicide nezibulala-zinambuzane, i-MEA ingasetshenziswa ukuguqula izithako ezisebenzayo ezine-asidi zibe amafomu kasawoti we-amine. Lawa mafomu avamise ukuba nokuncibilika okungcono kwamanzi, ukuzinza okukhulu ekugxilweni koketshezi kanye nokufaka kalula. Usawoti wokubulala ukhula we-MEA uvame ukubonakala emikhiqizweni yokulawula ukhula ebanzi.
Ngokungeziwe ekwakhekeni kukasawoti, i-MEA ingasiza futhi ukuthuthukisa ukusabalala nokunamathela kwezithako ezisebenzayo endaweni yezitshalo, ukuzivumela ukuthi zihlale kangcono endaweni yesicelo esikhundleni sokusebenza ngokushesha. Lokhu kunenzuzo ebonakalayo ezimakethe lapho ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-agrochemical noma ukulawula izindleko kubalulekile.
Kumakhasimende okwakhiwa kwezolimo, ukukhetha kwe-MEA kuvame ukuhlobene nokuncibilika, ubumsulwa, ukuhambisana kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwenqwaba okuzinzile. I-Dotachem ingasiza amakhasimende asebenzisa i-MEA kuma-agrochemical intermediates, ukwakhiwa kwe-herbicide nezinye izinhlelo zamakhemikhali ezimboni lapho ikhwalithi yempahla eluhlaza idingeka.
Yini Okufanele Abathengi Bayicabange Ngempela Lapho Bethenga I-MEA?
Kubathengi abaningi bezimboni, i-MEA iyimpahla eluhlaza yamakhemikhali eyinqwaba. Ukuhlanzeka nokunikezwa okuzinzile kuyizidingo eziyisisekelo, hhayi izindawo zokuthengisa ezengeziwe. Ekuthengeni kwangempela, izinkinga ezidala inkinga ngokuvamile ukuhlanzeka okungahambisani phakathi kwamaqoqo, ukupakisha okungafani nokusetha kokusingatha komthengi, noma umphakeli ongakwazi ukuphendula ngokushesha lapho isidingo sikhuphuka.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga i-monoethanolamine, abathengi ngokuvamile badinga ukuqinisekisa amaphuzu alandelayo:
Ngemikhiqizo ehlobene kuhlu lwamakhemikhali e-amine, bhekaI-I-Diethanolamine(DEA),I-I-Triisopropanolamine(TIPA),I-I-Ethylenediamine(EDA),I-I-Triethylenediamine(TEDA) nokugcweleUmkhiqizo wama-aminesisigaba. Zizwe ukhululekile ukuXhumana nathiukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe lomkhiqizo kanye nokwesekwa kwamakhotheshini.
Kubathengi abaqhathanisa i-MEA ne-DEA ekwenziweni kwezimboni, ungase futhi ufunde umhlahlandlela wethu wokusebenzisa i-ethanolamine.
Izicelo ze-Ethanolamine: I-MEA ne-DEA Zisekela Kanjani Ukwakhiwa Kwezimboni
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